THE TAX REFORM ACT OF 1986: ITS IMPACT ON PENNSYLVANIA FARMERS

The Tax Reform Act of 1986 was studied to determine its short-run impact on Pennsylvania farmers. For the 3,059 farms studied, the average increase in total tax obligation resulting from the TRA of 1986 was $446 per farm, or a 48 percent increase in federal income taxes actually paid in 1984. Differences in impact were found across farms categorized by commodity type. Egg producers were most severely impacted, while beef cattle producers least affected. In general, the increase in adjusted gross income was due to the loss of 60 percent exclusion on capital gain income.Agricultural Finance,

The cell model and gas solubility theory

Imperial Users onl

Thermal stress analysis of space shuttle orbiter wing skin panel and thermal protection system

Preflight thermal stress analysis of the space shuttle orbiter wing skin panel and the thermal protection system (TPS) was performed. The heated skin panel analyzed was rectangular in shape and contained a small square cool region at its center. The wing skin immediately outside the cool region was found to be close to the state of elastic instability in the chordwise direction based on the conservative temperature distribution. The wing skin was found to be quite stable in the spanwise direction. The potential wing skin thermal instability was not severe enough to tear apart the strain isolation pad (SIP) layer. Also, the preflight thermal stress analysis was performed on the TPS tile under the most severe temperature gradient during the simulated reentry heating. The tensile thermal stress induced in the TPS tile was found to be much lower than the tensile strength of the TPS material. The thermal bending of the TPS tile was not severe enough to cause tearing of the SIP layer

Homeland Crisis and Local Ethnicity: The Toronto Irish and the Cartoons of the Evening Telegram 1910–1914

This article examines a critique of the “diasporic nationalism” affecting the Irish in Canada through the lens of Toronto, a key destination for Irish immigrants in the nineteenth century. Situated in the period of the third home rule bill and the articulation of opinion about it in Toronto (1910–1914), the article concentrates on the city’s media and particularly the visual content of cartoons published in the strongly pro-empire Evening Telegram. The author demonstrates how a familiar repertoire of Irish symbols and myths was grafted onto the bodies of Toronto’s “Irish” and/or “Ulster” personalities, connecting them with events on the other side of the Atlantic. These satirical representations also informed readings of Irishness in Toronto. They suggest that while a nationalist “green” identity had acquired a respectable and largely middle-class character among Catholics of Irish birth and ancestry in the early twentieth century, there were still forces at work that resisted placement of the latter group on a footing equal to the city’s Protestant majority.Cet article examine une critique du « nationalisme diasporique » affectant les Irlandais du Canada à travers le prisme de Toronto, destination importante pour les immigrants irlandais protestants au XIXe siècle. Situé à l’ère de la troisième home rule bill et de l’articulation de l’opinion à son égard à Toronto (1910–1914), l’article porte les médias torontois et notamment sur le contenu visuel de caricatures publiées dans le résolument pro-empire Evening Telegram. L’auteur démontre comment un répertoire familier de mythes irlandais a été greffé sur le corps de diverses personnalités « irlandaises » ou « ulstériennes » de Toronto, les reliant avec des événements de l’autre côté de l’Atlantique. Ces représentations satiriques ont également informé la lecture de la nationalité irlandaise à Toronto. Elles suggèrent que, tandis qu’une identité nationaliste « verte » avait acquise au début du XXe siècle un caractère respectable et en grande partie de classe moyenne chez les catholiques de naissance et d’ascendance irlandaise, il y avait encore des forces à l’oeuvre qui s’opposaient à ce que ces derniers soient mis sur un pied d’égalité avec la majorité protestante de Toronto

Tritium and 3He in the Sargasso Sea

The systematics of tritium (3H), 3He and 3H-3He dating are investigated for oceanic mixing systems responding to the North Atlantic surface water tritium transient. Although the 3H-3He age is a single valued function of the true mixing age, verbatim acceptance of the 3H-3He age will result in a substantial underestimate of the mixing age for systems with timescales approaching the time elapsed since the tritium transient (1964-1965) or greater...

Real-Time Vehicle Performance Monitoring with Data Integrity

A cornerstone of next generation intelligent transportation systems (ITS) is a seamless integration of in-vehicle networking with existing wireless telephony infrastructure. Remote access to on-board diagnostics and performance data is a crucial requirement for ITS. This thesis investigated the performance benefits of a data integrity buffering technique for an extensible vehicle position and performance tracking system (VPPTS). In support of this investigation, a VPPTS prototype was developed. The prototype used available technologies and interfaces to industry-standard communications channels and is a demonstration of a next-generation intelligent transportation system (ITS). The data integrity buffering technique under investigation was shown to provide quantitative improvements in successful VPPTS data transmissions. The use of this technique addressed important deficiencies in real-time data transmission for these types of systems over wireless networks

The Structural Behaviour of Castellated Rolled Steel Beams

Abstract Not Provided

Three Centuries in the Development of the Pocahontas Story in American Literature: 1608-1908

The story of Pocahontas and Captain John Smith, dating from the early days of the first permanent English settlement in America, is the first American romance. As such, over the centuries it has maintained a prominent place in the American popular tradition and has been recorded repeatedly by historians and creative writers. The aim of this study is to trace and explain the development and utilization of the Pocahontas theme in American literature during a period of three centuries which begins with the rescue--real or purported--of Captain Smith by Pocahontas that occurred in late 1607 or early 1608 and ends with a great number of works treating the story which were inspired by the Jamestown Tricentennial Exposition that began in 1907 and continued well into the following year. After a short introductory chapter which is devoted to that which one can determine about the history of both John Smith and Pocahontas prior to their first meeting, the focus of the second chapter of this study will be on the Smith accounts of the Pocahontas episodes. It is in these writings of Smith and, to a lesser degree, in those of his contemporaries that the very bases of all ensuing literary treatments of the Pocahontas story--both factual and fictional--are established. With this fact in mind, these early presentations of the Pocahontas episodes are examined in considerable detail. In Chapter III, the handling of the Pocahontas story by later writers of non-fictional prose are examined. In each case the author\u27s fidelity, or lack of it, to Smith\u27s accounts is noted and any apparent reasons for deviations from that material are analyzed. Chapter IV considers treatments of the Pocahontas theme which were fashioned by American prose-fiction writers during the period under consideration. Here it is shown that the philosophy of primitivism and the concept of the noble savage played a consistently important role in works of this variety even after these concepts had lost some of their vogue in other literary genres. Concerned with drama, the fifth chapter shows that this literary type might well serve as a kind of summary of the vicissitudes of Pocahontas\u27s varied career as a subject in American literature. In turn we find her treated in serious drama, melodramaticized, burlesqued, and made the heroine of highly romantic comedies and other light dramatic forms. The sixth chapter of the study is devoted to a discussion of the numerous verse treatments of episodes from the life of the Indian princess which appeared during the period under consideration. It is shown that, even though they are far more numerous than their counterparts in the novel and the drama, these poetic efforts are certainly of no more intrinsic literary merit. This is true because on the whole, they are hastily done, occasional pieces--the product of versifiers whom the more caustic critics might categorize as second rate and whom the more kindly ones might refer to as minor poets. From the time that Captain Smith introduced it to the printed page, the Pocahontas story has enjoyed an almost universal appeal. Part of this may derive from the fact that it represents the retelling of a tale that is to be found in the folk tradition of almost every culture, but much of the story\u27s popularity probably arises from its Americanness. Here one finds a heroine who symbolically embodies all of the best qualities of the Aboriginal American--qualities of the noble savage which become all the more impressive when presented, as they are, in vivid contrast to the bad Indian that is her destroyer father. Also, the story becomes even more American when one remembers that this Indian girl really is the physical ancestress of one of the nation\u27s most prominent families, the proud and prolific Randolphs of Virginia. Finally, in the hands of later writers Pocahontas becomes more than a symbol of the noble savage when, as a sort of American Earth Mother, she embodies the new race which has sprung into being in the New World and ultimately is elevated to the level of myth in a symbolic affirmation of the hopes and aspirations that make up the American Dream. The vast potential of this theme for artistic development is demonstrated by the almost uninterrupted stream of factual treatments which the Pocahontas story has enjoyed in the hands of American authors who followed Smith. Since the middle of the nineteenth century, controversy has raged over Smith\u27s veracity. But be it truth or be it fiction, the Pocahontas story remains as America\u27s oldest matter of national and cultural romance. As such it has become a basic part of Americana that has made its presence felt whenever a writer has written of early Virginia for readers who possess a taste for a pretty, romantic story

On the climate of a subtropical ocean gyre: Decade timescale variations in water mass renewal in the Sargasso Sea

A simple concept model of the climatology of a subtropical ocean gyre is developed on the basis of assumed isopycnal transport and latent heat flux. The 27 year record of annually averaged salinities on isopycnals near Bermuda shows clear and systematic variations, and significant (\u3e 95% confidence) correlations with oxygen (positive) and vertical density gradient (negative) support the hypothesis...